Summary: CAST does not provide a CAST Storage Server (CSS) installer for Linux environments, however, CAST recommends installing the equivalent PostgreSQL version on a Linux server to take advantage of the superior performance over CSS installed on Windows - please follow the instructions below to do so.
Note that these instructions are for deploying PostgreSQL 10 or above.
Installation via YUM
PostgreSQL can be installed using RPMs (binary) or SRPMs (source) managed by YUM. This is available for the following Linux distributions (CAST recommends using only 64-bit platforms):
- Fedora
- CentOS
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Configure your YUM repository
Locate and edit your distribution .repo file, located:
- On Fedora: /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora.repo and /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates.repo, [fedora] sections
- On CentOS: /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo, [base] and [updates] sections
- On Red Hat: /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/rhnplugin.conf [main] section
To the section(s) identified above, you need to append a line (otherwise dependencies might resolve to the postgresql supplied by the base repository):
exclude=postgresql*
Update the RPM package
A PGDG file is available for each distribution. Browse https://yum.postgresql.org/repopackages.php and find your correct RPM. There is only one single repo RPM for all PostgreSQL versions for each platform. Ensure you modify the link to the rpm file in the command below: this command will download the RPM package for the latest release of Red Hat:
rpm -ivh https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-8-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm yum update
Install PostgreSQL
First run the following command to view the available releases:
yum list postgresql*
Then run the install, for example to install PostgreSQL 11:
yum install postgresql11-server
Configure data storage location
The default location for PostgreSQL data storage is set to (where <name> is the release number):
/var/lib/pgsql/<name>/data
To customize this location, you need to edit the following file (where <name> is the release number):
/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-<name>.service
Initialize the PostgreSQL database server to configure data storage location
Once installed, please run the following command to initialize the server (where <name> is the release number):
export PGSETUP_INITDB_OPTIONS="-E 'UTF-8' --no-locale" /usr/pgsql-<name>/bin/postgresql-<name>-setup initdb
Configuring the server/database
Edit the pg_hba.conf file
Edit the pg_hba.conf file at /usr/local/pgsql/data using the vi command:
vi pg_hba.conf
Replace the sample 192.168.x.x IP address and /24 subnet below with the appropriate allowed client IP addresses/subnets:
# TYPE DATABASE USER CIDR-ADDRESS METHOD local all all trust # IPv4 local connections: host all all 127.0.0.1/32 trust host all all 192.168.21.57/24 md5 # IPv6 local connections: host all all ::1/128 md5
Note that adding the following line will ensure ANY client can connect:
host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5
Check server configuration
To check if the server itself is configured correctly for CAST AIP, we need to verify and modify certain parameters in the postgresql.conf (the file is in the postgresql directory \db_data).
pgtune
The postgresql.conf settings listed below are directly related to available RAM for the PostgreSQL instance - and as such their configuration is specific to the host machine. Please use http://pgtune.leopard.in.ua/ on the host machine to identify the correct settings and then modify postgresql.conf with the settings provided by pgtune. You should update the following settings with the values provided by pgtune:
- effective_cache_size
- min_wal_size
- max_wal_size
- wal_buffers
When running pgtune, choose the following:
- Set the DB version to the installed version
- Set the DB Type to Mixed type of applications
- Set the Number of connections to 300
Some of the values suggested by pgtune are somewhat low. Therefore, please calculate the following postgresql.conf settings as follows:
- shared_buffers - value should be 25% of available RAM with a max of 8 GB
maintenance_work_mem= 512 MB
Other settings
The following settings should also be modified to the values listed below:
Parameters | Required value | Comments |
---|---|---|
listen_addresses | '*' | Instead of localhost by default. Enables connectivity from other machines. |
Port | 2282 | |
max_connections | 300 | |
fsync | off | |
synchronous_commit | off | |
full_page_writes | off | |
commit_delay | 10 | |
checkpoint_completion_target | 0.9 | |
cursor_tuple_fraction | 1.0 | |
log_checkpoints | on | |
log_destination | 'stderr' | |
logging_collector | on | |
log_line_prefix | '%t [%p]: [%l-1] ' | Don't forget the space before final quote mark. |
log_temp_files | 1024kB | |
log_autovacuum_min_duration | 1000ms | |
autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit | 200 | |
bytea_output | 'escape' | |
datestyle | 'iso, mdy' | Ensure that this option is active (it may already be active). |
lc_messages | 'C' | |
lc_monetary | 'C' | |
lc_numeric | 'C' | |
lc_time | 'C' | |
max_locks_per_transaction | 4096 | Higher value than 64 by default. |
standard_conforming_strings | on |
Start the PostgreSQL database server
Where <name> is the release number:
systemctl start postgresql-<name>.service systemctl enable postgresql-<name>.service systemctl status postgresql-<name>.service
Create users
By default PostgreSQL will create a system account user named postgres with the role postgres. The equivalent CAST Storage Service provided by CAST includes two default users as follows:
Username | Password | Permissions | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
operator | CastAIP | SUPERUSER | - |
guest | WelcomeToAIP | - | Note that in the CAST AIP ≥ 8.3.11, the "guest" user is no longer used. |
If you would like to create these users, use the following commands:
psql *create user operator with SUPERUSER password 'CastAIP'; *create user guest with password 'WelcomeToAIP'; *grant postgres to operator;
CAST AIP ≥ 8.3.12 - custom users
If you are using CAST AIP ≥ 8.3.12, you are also free to create your own users and then use them with CAST AIP and related software - you need to have a minimum of one user with the SUPERUSER permission and then grant the "postgres" role to this user. For example:
[postgres@cssx data]$ psql *create user my_user with SUPERUSER password 'my_password'; *grant postgres to my_user;
When using CAST AIP ≥ 8.3.30, it is possible to create custom users that do NOT require the SUPERUSER permission if you prefer not to grant this. For example, this script creates a role "my_role" with the password "my_password" that can login. The role has not been granted the SUPERUSER permission and instead only the minimum permissions required to operate CAST AIP are granted:
[postgres@cssx data]$ psql *create role my_role LOGIN PASSWORD 'my_password' NOSUPERUSER INHERIT NOCREATEDB NOCREATEROLE NOREPLICATION; *grant create, connect, temporary on database postgres to my_role;
postgres database
All CAST AIP products will expect the CAST AIP schemas to be members of the postgres database - i.e. all connections to a PostgreSQL instance will connect direct to the postgres database. This database is created by default during the installation of the PostgreSQL instance and should be retained. While you can create an alternative custom database, it is not possible to connect to a custom database using any CAST AIP products.
CAST AIP schemas
Using CAST Server Manager, connect to the 'postgres' database and follow the installation instructions in Install CAST AIP schemas. Please make sure you are using the correct port and connection string when connecting to the PostgreSQL Server:
Note: When you execute CAST Server Manager to install the schemas, the Connection profile, including the user name and password, are stored in a CWSIProfileConnection.INI located in the CAST_ALL_USERS_PATH (refer to the CastGlobalSettings.ini file to set this variable). If any user executes CAST Server Manager on a machine where this file has been defined, they will see the list of Server Connection Profiles stored in CWSIProfileConnection.INI. The password of the SQL user (operator) is encrypted in this file. If you don’t want to share the password with all users, you can predefine the list of Server Connection Profiles and set this file as read-only for the users.
How to log all statement's plan
Change the following parameters in the configuration file (..\db_data\postgresql.conf):
auto_explain.log_min_duration = '0s' # setting this to zero logs all plan auto_explain.log_nested_statements = on # log statements executed inside a function auto_explain.log_verbose = on # it's equivalent to the VERBOSE option of EXPLAIN auto_explain.log_buffers = on # it's equivalent to the BUFFERS option of EXPLAIN auto_explain.log_analyze = on # causes EXPLAIN ANALYZE output; when this parameter is on, per-plan-node timing occurs for all statements executed, whether or not they run long enough to actually get logged. This can have an extremely negative impact on performance. Turning off auto_explain.log_timing ameliorates the performance cost, at the price of obtaining less information. shared_preload_libraries = 'auto_explain' # change requires restart
Set this parameter to off when only actual row counts, and not exact times, are needed:
auto_explain.log_timing = off # this parameter has no effect unlessauto_explain.log_analyze is enabled